Modeling the Near-Surface Energies and Water Vapor Fluxes Behavior in Response to Summer Canopy Density across Yanqi Endorheic Basin, Northwestern China

The Yanqi basin is the main irrigated and active agroecosystem in semi-arid Xinjiang, northwestern China, which further seeks responses to profound local water-related drawbacks relation unceasing landscape desiccation scant precipitation. Yet, it comes as an astonishment that a few reported near-surface items water vapor fluxes so far required for resources decision support, particularly scarce observation data region. As contributive effort, here we adjusted sensible heat flux (H) calibration mechanism of Surface Energy Balance Algorithm Land (SEBAL) high-resolution satellite dataset coupled with in-situ observation, through wise guided “anchor” pixel assortment from surface reflectance-α, Leaf area index-LAI, vegetation index-NDVI, temperature () model robustness energy Evapotranspiration-ETa over basin. Results reasonably reflected ETa returned low RMSE (0.6 mm), MAE (0.48 mm) compared recordings, indicating competence SEBAL predict this adjustment unveiled estimates land-use contribution evapotranspiration average ranging 3 4.69 mm, reaching maximum 5.5 mm. Furthermore, findings showed high striking dissipation (LE/Rn) across grasslands wetlands. vegetated surfaces great evaporative fraction were associated highest LE/Rn (70–90%), bodies varying between 20% 60%, while desert ecosystem dissipated least fraction. Still, besides portrayed evaporation water, wetlands varied interchangeably accounting followed by cropland. Finally, substantial nexus available (Rn-G) informed energy, influenced NDVI be primary driver these oases’ transpiration. This study provides essentials likelihood considerable baseline inferences may beneficial long-term investigations will attend agrometeorological services sustainable management regions.